DNA evidence suggests the limit of Antarctic sea ice was ~2000 kilometers farther south than it is today 2500 to 1000 years ago. Elephant seals can only breed in the Southern Ocean’s subantarctic, sea ice free waters. For example, today’s largest colony breeds on Macquarie Island (54.5°S). Scientists (Wood et al., 2025) have now identified … Continue reading Antarctic Elephant Seal Breeding Site Affirms There Was Far Less Sea Ice During Medieval, Roman Periods