Unusually harsh winter conditions pepper the globe. Symbol image generated by dall e2, Open AI.
As usual, parts of the globe have experienced warmer than normal temperatures this winter, like Central Europe, while others have seen colder conditions. It’s all natural. As a whole, the globe is seeing a deviation that’s measured in the low tenths of a degree, i,e. little “climate change” when viewed in the context of the Holocene period.
Recent extreme cold events
Just days ago, German online COMPACT here reported on some notable recent extreme cold events, and of course climate activists claim “Cold is the New Hot” – an article appearing in this issue of COMPACT.
1969 cold record broken in China
First, COMPACT reports that the People’s Republic of China has just recorded a new temperature negative record: minus 53 degrees C, reached in Mohe, the country’s northernmost city located on the border with Russia. China’s previous temperature negative record, set in 1969 at minus 52.3 degrees, was thus broken.
Moreover, “It has already been significantly colder in Siberia than the long-term average since the fall of 2022,” writes COMPACT and temperatures in Mohe “have never been so extreme as they are at present.”
Snow deep in the Mediterranean
Moving on to the Spanish Mediterranean island of Mallorca, COMPACT reports that at the Puig Major, the highest mountain in the country at 1,445 meters, there now is up to one meter of snow in places. Also snowfall was even reported in Sicily, and in the Algerian coastal city of Annaba for the first time in 15 years.
70,000 animals freeze to death
Moreover, “freezing cold and snowstorms” have wreaked havoc in Japan and: “The situation is currently particularly bad in Afghanistan. The extreme cold of up to minus 34 degrees has claimed at least 120 lives here. In addition, 70,000 farm animals are said to have died as a result of the cold.”
Alps to be buried
Today Kachelmann Weather here warns that some locations in the Alps could see more than 1 meter of snow over the coming days.
Per scientists, removing a greenhouse gas – water vapor – from the atmosphere results in net additional forcing (warming). Irrigation studies also affirm adding water vapor cools the surface.
Per “mainstream” climate science, Earth’s total greenhouse effect radiative forcing from water vapor, clouds, CO2, and trace greenhouse gases (like methane) amounts to 150 W/m² (Lacis, 2018). About 50% of this 150 W/m² total (75 W/m²) greenhouse effect forcing is derived from water vapor, 25% (37 W/m²) is from clouds.
But the contradictory “mainstream” science says removing clouds and water vapor from the atmosphere actually has a far greater radiative impact than their influence as greenhouse warming agents.
A cloud-free day at noon results in an extra +251 W/m² of radiative forcing relative to a cloudy day at noon. Removing water vapor , a greenhouse gas, leads to a forcing increase of +131 W/m².
Together, that’s +382 W/m² of additional forcing with the absence of these greenhouse effect/greenhouse gas agents, whereas the total greenhouse effect forcing from water vapor and clouds is just +112 W/m² (75 + 37 W/m²).
So the presence of greenhouse gases (water vapor) with clouds combined have a net -270 W/m² cooling effect on Earth’s surface temperatures.
Adding water vapor to surface air leads to cooling
According to a 2018 study by Sherwood and co-authors, the last 100 years of anthropogenic water vapor emissions (mostly from irrigation) have produced a total effective radiative forcing of -0.1 to 0.05 W/m². In other words, adding more greenhouse gases in water vapor form leads to a “near-zero or small cooling effect.”
Sherwood et al. even acknowledge “large increases in anthropogenic water vapor emissions would have negligible warming effects on climate” because “greenhouse-gas warming is outweighed by increases in…humidity-induced low cloud cover.”
New studies have continued to verify that adding the water vapor greenhouse gas to the surface air results in cooling.
For example, Kala et al. (2023) report substantial cooling results from adding this greenhouse gas.
“Our results show that irrigation could potentially reduce the mean seasonal maximum temperature during the Angry summer of 2012/2013 by −1.44°C to −2.13°C over irrigated regions.”
Zhang et al. (2023) also report expanding irrigation across regions of China has resulted in verifiable cooling effects.
“We found the space-and-time method can better represent the cooling effects of long-term irrigation expansion than the space-for-time method, despite that they derived similar cooling trends. The cooling effects were most evident in South Xinjiang, followed by North Xinjiang and Hexi Corridor, and varied in different irrigation expansion sources. Specifically, more intensive cooling occurred in new irrigated areas from unused lands (-0.69 ± 0.02 K) than that from grasslands (-0.47 ± 0.05 K) and forests (-0.28 ± 0.04 K). The cooling effects were dominated by marked daytime cooling compared to negligible nighttime warming.”
Other recent studies also affirm the conclusion that adding water vapor, Earth’s main greenhouse gas, cools the surface air.
In the very same regions of India where irrigation has been most prevalent, significant growing-season cooling has been occurring. Land surface temperatures (LST) in the Indo-Gangetic Plain have cooled by -0.8°C since 1979, and this is “associated with the irrigation expansion” in the region.
The same phenomenon has been observed in China. Scientists (Yang et al., 2020) even refer to adding anthropogenic water vapor emissions to the atmosphere as the irrigation cooling effect (ICE), which is “closely linked to the surface energy balance.”
Irrigation “cools daytime LST by 1.15 K, and cools nighttime LST by 0.13 K, on average, across the irrigated areas of China.” During the growing season, pumping Earth’s most powerful greenhouse gas into the atmosphere results in a cooling effect of more than 6 K in irrigated (ICE) regions compared to adjacent locations not subjected to greenhouse gas cooling.
According to an article in Die Zeit, Germans are threatened with additional energy price increases in the future. They expect prices to double permanently.
Image generated by dall e2
Germany’s municipal utilities expect a permanent doubling of gas and electricity tariffs for end customers. In view of lower wholesale prices, ‘municipal utilities naturally also want to lower tariffs and will do so as soon as there is room to maneuver.’ But he warned against false hopes, Ingbert Liebing, CEO of the Association of Municipal Enterprises (VKU), told the Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung. ‘In our estimation, it will foreseeably amount to a doubling of gas and electricity tariffs.’ The crisis is no longer quite so dramatic, but not over, he said. Liebing did not name a time frame for the expected doubling of prices. Liebing rejected the accusation by consumer advocates that municipal utilities are now charging astronomical prices. ‘The current spot market and forward prices are not yet so favorable that this is already having a lasting price-reducing effect. For that, they would have to fall even further and, above all, permanently,’ he said.”
As producers or service providers have these price increases, consequently also other prices rise, not only the energy prices. Since wages and salaries are not rising at the same rate, these price increases mean that either savings will be depleted or consumers will cut back on other things. In any case, this is a heavy burden to bear, and it will have a significant impact.
Today we check in with Blackout News to find out the latest news on Germany’s green energy follies.
The latest is that the country’s increasingly green electric power grid is increasingly unable to handle the “climate friendly” electric mobility and heat pumps the German government is pushing.
Germany’s green power grid can’t even sustain green society. Photo image cropped here (for illustration only).
It’s widely known that Germany’s electric power supply has the grid constantly on the brink power outages, even blackouts. This is in large part due to the rushed phasing out of baseload coal and nuclear power while installing mass capacities of unstable a wind and solar power.
As Germany pushes the ever greater burdens onto the power grid, its government continues taking measures to weaken the grid rather than to bolster it.
Since Germany’s natural gas supply disruption has caused energy prices to skyrocket, homeowners and motorists are looking for alternative heating sources and modes of mobility. Little wonder Germans are looking more and more to heat pumps for home heating and electric cars for their mobility.
But there’s a problem, Black News reports: “The President of the Federal Network Agency is now calling for the forced throttling of heat pumps and charging stations.” This is because the power grid cannot cope with the added load.
“The head of the network agency, Mr. Müller, sees new risks for the supply of electricity and gas. Private individuals installing charging stations or pumps could overload local grids,” according to Blackout News. “To prevent this, the power of these devices could be throttled.”
The government wants to push electric cars and heat pumps, but the agencies are warning it’s not possible – because over the past 20 years Germany has wrecked it’s once extremely stable electric power supply, which by the way was responsible for a tiny, inconsequential fraction of the world’s CO2 emissions.
According to Müller, “there could be overload problems and local power outages if we don’t act”.
“The authority in Bonn considers low-voltage local networks to be particularly susceptible to disruptions.”
Müller also told the Frankfurter Allgemeine Sonntagszeitung that in critical times, heaters and chargers should not be completely cut off from the power supply. He promised that there will always be a minimum supply.
“The CEO of Düsseldorf-based energy company E.on, Thomas König, described the current power grid as being inadequate and called for the “quick expansion and modernization of local and regional power grids”.
Clouds, not greenhouse gases, are the decisive drivers of our weather, our energy status and hence also our climate. The need to get away from the over-simplistic idea of CO2 being the control knob
Demystifying “greenhouse gas” claims – Part 3
By Fred F. Mueller
In Part 1 we looked at the deplorable tendency of climate doomsayers to reduce the factual complexity and variability of parameters influencing our climate and declaring CO2 to be the only major control knob dictating climate development and other factors wilfully suppressed1).
In part 2, it was shown that the reality of radiation energy transfers in the atmosphere depends mainly on clouds, who can act as decisive inhibitors preventing sunlight from reaching the surface and/or as massive sources of infrared energy radiation down to earth.
Today in Part 3, we investigate some interesting professional meteorological findings backing the results of logical conclusions that can be verified by anybody using pricy DIY instrumentation and common sense in combination with some information available on the internet.
This proof of concept underscores the idea that clouds, not greenhouse gases are the decisive drivers of our weather, our energy status and hence also our climate.
The Hamburg weather mast
This is the 300-meter high broadcasting mast of the North German Broadcasting Co. located in the transition region between rural and urban land use, some 8 km outside the city center. The mast has been equipped with sophisticated meteorological instrumentation at several height levels, with the highest platform at 280 meters above ground. The station also has a separate 10-m mast and a standardized meteorological ground station as well as aggro-meteorological instrumentation monitoring the conditions from surface level to different depth levels down to -1.2 meter. It is run by the Meteorological Institute at Universität Hamburg in partnership with the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. Operated since 1967, the station has been revamped with cutting-edge data acquisition technology2) in 1994. Continuous monitoring records are maintained since 1995.
Data are recorded at high rates and the corresponding values of most of them are updated on their website3) at fixed intervals. Additionally, continuous graphics for 2-day4) and 8-day periods are displayed on separate sub-pages. This also includes computed values such as sunshine duration, daily global radiation and the balance between incoming and outgoing radiation energy fluxes at ground level. Although the meteorological institute maintains a massive database of data records, these are not made available to the general public. Full access is limited to meteorological institutes and networks, exceptions may be granted to other researchers and professional users. This is all the more deplorable since it prohibits critical minds of the public from accessing data that have, after all, been assembled using taxpayer’s money.
Selected interesting data recordings
Fig. 2. Two-day recording of the global solar input density over the time of day from Jan.15th to Jan 17th, 2023 (red) compared to the theoretical max value (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg).
Global solar energy input density is recorded as the sum of direct and indirect solar radiation from sunrise to sunset. In the 2- and 8-day graphs, the corresponding values are compared to a dome-shaped yellow curve representing the theoretical max value calculated for the current latitude and the sun’s position for the current date and the actual time of day. Several other values such as the daily integrated energy input are also put on display.
Clouds
Cloud cover is recorded with a ceilometer that differentiates between several superimposed layers, Fig. 3
Fig. 3. The ceilometer records the height and density of different cloud “floors” up to a height of 10.000 meters. 2-day recording from Jan. 15th, 2023 to Jan. 17th, 2023 (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg)
Fig. 4. Computer generated diagram representing the coverage index of four different cloud floors on a 1/8 scale. Dark blue represents full cover of the lowest cloud layer and full white segments are clear sky conditions. 2-day recording from Jan. 15th, 2023 to Jan. 17th, 2023 (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg).
Fig. 5. Additionally, cloud base temperature is monitored using an IR temperature probe, shown her combined with the computed cloud cover diagram. Recording from Jan. 15th, 2023 to Jan. 17th, 2023 (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg)
IR radiation and radiation balance
Fig. 6. Recordings of the downwelling IR radiation (upper graph) and the computed total radiation balance at ground level from Jan. 15th, 2023 to Jan. 17th, 2023 (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg)
The calculations performed to establish the values of the lower graph include the global solar radiation density recorded at ground level, the downwelling IR radiation emitted from above, an albedo value of 0.21 and the IR emissions upwelling from the ground calculated from the surface temperature under the assumption of a constant emissivity factor of 0.984. The website states that this calculation delivers fairly good values if the surface is covered by a green meadow but cautions this is not the case when there is a closed snow cover.
In this context, it should be noted that in situations with a high cloud cover index in conjunction with low-altitude clouds, the downwelling IR radiation flux density is matching values established using the simplified SB-equation described in Part 2 of this article fairly well. During times with higher clouds and lower cover values, the downwelling IR radiation intensity recedes by about 75 W/m2, leaving a residual level of around 225 W/m2. The examples shown below underscore the fact that the varying cloud cover has an enormous and highly variable influence on the energy flux balance at ground level. Due to the fact that the institute data base is not accessible to the public, all samples presented here were collected in January 2023.
Example 1: a day with a largely even energy balance
Fig. 7. Superimposed graphs of global solar radiation density (upper graph), downwelling IR radiation density (second graph), cloud cover index (blue) and the computed balance of the varying radiative fluxes from Jan. 15th to Jan. 17th, 2023. (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg)
The decisive information of Fig. 7. is the lower graph showing the computed radiation balance at surface level. Despite the cloud cover receding slightly after 08.15 am on Jan. 16th, 2023, , the moderately high solar input from 8.45 am to 16.15 pm does not seem to push the daily total significantly into positive terrain. The increasing IR output from the thick cloud cover developing after around 22.00 pm largely compensates IR radiation losses from the surface until at around 8.45 am the next day. From then on, the sun is able to deliver considerable energy input. But with the cloud cover disappearing after 13.0 pm, the receding IR input from disappearing clouds tips the balance decisively into negative territory despite the sun continuing to weigh in. After sunset at about 16.15 pm, the negative trend reaches -75 to -80 W/m2.
Example 2: a day with a clear cooling effect
Fig. 8. This figure displays the continuation of the trend shown in Fig. 7. from Jan. 17th throughout Jan. 18th and into the 19th (Graphic: Wettermast Hamburg)
Fig. 8. shows that the high energy losses caused by upwelling IR radiation from the surface are not compensated for from downwelling IR radiated from clouds. This continues throughout most of the night until about 3.30 am on the 18th, when a moderate reappearance of clouds reduces the losses to some -55 to -65 W/m2. From 8.20 am on, moderately high input from global solar radiation piercing through a thinned cloud cover pushes the balance upwards to positive peaks reaching up to 100 W/m2. Note that the cloud cover was apparently not thick enough to produce a noticeable increase in downwelling IR radiation, which is consistent with the relatively high level of global solar radiation the clouds have let shine through. Fading input from the setting sun and losses from upwelling radiation due to a largely clear sky tip the balance into the red from about 15.10 pm with a rapid descent until about -70 to -75 W/m2 until about 22.15 pm. Then a slowly thickening cloud cover gradually reduces the balance losses until a jittery equilibrium is reached shortly after midnight. A stabilizing cloud cover then steadies the curve slightly in negative territory until the dawning sun drives it upwards again. Finally, a sharply downward trend from a combination of setting sun and fading cloud cover results in a very steep decline of the energy balance from 16.00 pm on. On balance, Jan. 18th has seen a marked cooling effect caused by a sometimes poor (and ill-timed) cloud cover.
Cloud effects are real and far stronger than those of “greenhouse gases”
This evidence strongly backs the thesis that the decisive role of energy exchanges in the system surface/ atmosphere has to be attributed to the interaction of clouds with the radiation energy fluxes in the system. Even in mid-winter, the variance within a day can span between +180 and –80 W/m2. Compare this total span of 260 w/m2 to the alleged +3.11 W/m2 attributed to the “forcing” exerted by the combined “greenhouse gases”. They differ by a factor of more than 80. And keep in mind that the values presented here have been collected in mid-winter, when all radiative fluxes are much lower than in the summer. Looking at these facts, it is really astonishing that in most discussions about the impact of water vapor on weather and climate, the role of clouds is simply ignored. Thinking of water vapor as a mere passive amplifying factor for CO2 is a twist of reality.
Global climate trends should be computed from local data
In this context, one should keep in mind that climate is not “global”. There are different definitions, e.g. for paleoclimate research, but usually, climate is understood to be the long-term weather pattern in an area, typically averaged over 30 years5). It is usually expressed by the median values of all relevant weather events in the given area over the agreed time period. More general conclusions should only be drawn based on data collected using a sufficiently dense network of meteorological stations ideally distributed all over the globe. Satellites are useful but cannot do the job alone: there are many essential values that cannot be recorded remotely from space with sufficient accuracy. Basing climate calculations on “median” values often extracted from simulations instead of taking into account the real local variations – such as e.g. globalized mean albedo figures instead of the values corresponding to the local cloud situation – is thus of rather restricted value.
As we have seen, the variations in the local energy status are a vital factor for assessing local meteorological changes. Air temperature changes at a height of 2 meters are largely a result of the underlying fact that energy levels of matter – be it air, soil or water – have been altered.
CO2 a pint-size climate driver
The real climate behemoths of the planet are the ground and the oceans, which store and release (and in the case of oceans also disperse) much higher amounts of energy than the thin air cover of our planet. Our current air-temperature-centered approach stems from meteorologists of e.g. the 18th and 19th century. These had neither the required modern scientific knowledge nor the necessary instrumentation to understand the real relations between energy, phase transformations, chemistry, physical chemistry and heat. This still influences our current weather and climate approach that is still too air-condition-centered. Science tells us that the thermal capacity of the oceans is about 1,000 times higher6) than that of the atmosphere, and soils also play a bigger role than air. For this reason air temperature at 2 metres is just a variable suited for weather forecasts. But when looking at long-term climate assessments, air temperature is just the tail unable to wiggle the big energy dog represented by the exchange of enormous energy quantities between the earth system and space.
This historical background explains why meteorological stations that are able to perform the recordings and computations shown here are still rare exceptions. The existing network should be upgraded in order to monitor the main factors impacting on local energy level changes. This would also be helpful in overcoming the current tendency to define fruitless “one knob for all” parameters while ignoring the way more powerful factors that really drive the evolution of our climate.
In the next parts, we will look at the variabilities and trends in cloud-sun interaction and current discrepancies with respect to rain.
Independent analyses from multiple independent sources indicate Arctic Siberia was 3 to 5°C warmer than today during the peak of the last glacial, or when CO2 levels were below 200 ppm.
Measurements from Antarctica’s ice sheet are almost invariably used to characterize both the global-scale atmospheric CO2 levels and climate for the last 10s to 100s of thousands of years.
But it is rather odd that Antarctica’s climate is considered globally representative (i.e., “global warming”) since there has been no warming here for the last seven decades.
Further, ice samples from Antarctica have CO2 values that range between 900 and 2900 ppm (Matsuo and Miyake, 1966) for the modern period (i.e., the 1960s). These values are far outside the range of the accepted modern global atmospheric values (~300 to 400 ppm).
If Antarctica doesn’t accurately record the modern CO2 values and climate trends, why should Antarctica’s paleoclimate history be regarded as globally representative?
Siberian Arctic was much warmer than today throughout the last glacial
Vegetation and tree records with specific warmth thresholds and associated ice-free temperature requirements affirm the Siberian Arctic climate needed to be “warmer than today by several degrees Celsius” about 25,000 to 18,000 years ago, or during the peak of the last glacial (Tarasov et al., 2021). This was a period when CO2 levels are said to have hovered around 180 ppm.
Scientists document ~5°C warmer glacial climates (July) than today throughout Northern Asia during these millennia:
“…reconstructed mean July temperatures above 12°C for most of the last cold stage [glacial] in the study area [throughout Northern Asia], where modern mean July temperatures are about 7°C”.
The widespread presence of grazing mammoths, horses, bison, deer, antelope, gazelle…in Siberia and Alaska and well north of the Arctic circle imply “year-round grazing grounds.” This requires warmer temperatures and more pervasive ice-free grass-grazing ranges than exist today.
Other scientists document a Siberian Arctic with “warmer-than-today temperatures (by up to 4 – 4.5°C)…between about 39 and 31 cal kyr BP” (Wetterich et al., 2021), or, again, when CO2 levels were alleged to have been in the low 200s ppm range.
Grass grew 300-350 days a year in the late stages of the last glacial in the Siberian Arctic. As mentioned above, this allowed horses, antelopes, and other large grazers (mammoths) to continuously reside at these high latitudes (Andreev et al., 2008).
Horses were grazing on Arctic grass year-round until as recently as 2,200 years ago. Today these regions have tundra climates. Grazers can no longer survive in the modern colder-than-the-last-late-glacial conditions.
The Siberian Arctic also had extensive birch forests 14,000 to 12,000 years ago. Birch trees were still growing in this region as late as ~3,700 years ago. Today these same regions are too cold for birch trees to grow.
Why is it assumed we can obtain accurate global-scale records of past climates from Antarctica when there is such a stark divergence in the timing and amplitude of Antarctica’s climate trends versus Arctic Siberia’s?
The mean temperature data for December, 2022, for the city of Tokyo, Japan and its Hachijō-jima island in the Pacific are now available from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA).
These data now allow us to look at the newest annual mean temperature trends for the two locations.
First we look at latest annual mean temperature plots for Tokyo since 1994:
According to the alarmists, the increase in CO2 is supposed to be heating up the entire planet. Strangely, using data from the JMA, Tokyo has in fact cooled modestly since 1994 – despite the urban heat sink effect from all the concrete, asphalt, steel and waste heat.
Also the December linear mean temperature trend for Tokyo has fallen more than 1°C since 1989:
Moving offshore to the Tokyo island of Hachijō-jima, away from all the massive urban heat island affects, we look at the newest mean annual temperature data going back to 1975.
In the first video: Alarmist sea level rise scenarios looking more unlikely…some Antarctic regions will see cooling…
The German Die kalte Sonne site, and then later Klimanachrichten now presents its climate and energy news videos in English at its new YouTube channel: World Climate News. Be sure to subscribe.
World Climate News presents the latest scientific results, featuring commentary on and analysis of peer-reviewed articles from well-known journals.
Even the IPCC disregards alarmist sea level projections
Concerning sea level rise, Potsdam climate researcher Stefan Rahmstorf and other far-out alarmists have warned global sea levels could rise up to “one meter ninety” before the end of this century. Yet, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) takes a different view. In its 5th State of the Climate Report of 2013, for example, it projects a sea level rise of just 53 centimeters for a scenario where CO2 emissions peak around 2040.
Brakes on sea level rise as some Antarctic regions expected to get colder!
The 2013 IPCC projection has now been backed up by René van Westen and Henk Dijkstra from the University of Utrecht. Their published results of a sea-level computer simulation in the journal “Science Advances” showed that the ocean around Antarctica is hardly expected to warm up and that regions are even expected to get colder by the end of the century.
Thus, according to the new calculations, the ice melt caused on the coasts of Antarctica is only a third of what earlier, lower-resolution simulations suggested.
Antarctic ice volume to reduce sea level rise 25%
The new model also expects more snowfall in Antarctica and the Antarctic ice mass is even expected to remain unchanged and stable overall this century. In this respect, Antarctica will probably make no contribution at all to global sea-level rise by 2100. This reduces the rise in sea level to be expected in this century by 25%.
While the old model assumed a sea-level rise of about 42 cm, it is now only 33 cm, i.e. 9 cm less. A value that is far removed from the dramatic scenarios of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research.
TORNADOES
No data supporting link between warming and tornadoes
When it comes to tornado activity, December 2021 saw a series of violent tornadoes in the southeastern USA. More than 85 people died. As expected, the usual suspects pointed the finger at man-made climate change, World Climate News reports in the video.
However, Andreas Friedrich of the German Weather Service, DWD, reminded in mid-December 2021 that there is currently no evidence that the series of tornadoes is related to climate change. This is supported by Chris Martz, who plotted the tornado statistics for the USA using data from the National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) for the last 65 years.
The result? No discernible trend.
How will tornadoes develop in the future? According to Matthew Woods of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, tornadoes could become rarer but more violent. The bottom line is that the future remains uncertain.
Robust evidence from bison remains recovered from the Austrian Alps in 2020 and 2021 invalidate claims modern Alpine temperatures are unusually warm.
A new study suggests that from about 6000 to 1200 years ago European bison fed on deciduous tree/vegetation that grew at Alpine altitudes reaching around 800 m higher than they do today.
Known beech and oak tree growth warmth thresholds – the required number of days per year above a minimum temperature limit – thus affirm Austria needed to be 4-7°C warmer than now during this period (~2000 years ago).
“[T]he beech limit but also the forest line during the »wisent time« (6,000 to 1,200 years before today) was much higher and the average summer temperature had to be at least 3 to 6 °C higher than today. Remarkable is a palynological record (Ressl, 1980) from the shaft cave Stainzerkogelschaft near Lunz am See. Remains of wisent were found in the shaft (1,463 m, see Tab. 3). The clay with a skull fragment with horncores inside was examined palynologically. The dominating pollen were from alder (Alnus), oak (Quercus) and linden tree (Tilia). The oak boundary (boundary between colline and montane vegetation stages) today lies between 400 and 800 metres in the Northern Alpine Alps (Grabherr et al., 2004). Oaks (Quercus) at an altitude of 1,450 metres around2,000 years ago also indicate a climate approximately 4 to 7 °C warmer than today.”
A 4-7°C warmer regional Holocene temperature is warmer than other estimates of an Austrian summer temperatures “3.0 to 4.5°C above the modern value” (Ilyashuk et al., 2011).
Al Gore’s Davos meltdown, and how feasible hydrogen as an energy source really is
First here’s a look at how environmentally friendly, feasible and sustainable hydrogen really is, given that hydrogen fuel cells rely on supply of rare metals like platinum and iridium.
The following video presents all the relevant numbers for you:
Al Gore’s Davos lunatic meltdown
“Rain bombs” and “boiling oceans”…
The other story today is Al Gore’s lunatic rantings at the 2023 WEF meeting in Davos.
If you thought Greta had put on a show at the UN, look at the unhinged Al Gore in Davos, who is fundamentally calling for what amounts to a coup d’état led by the climate-apocalypse loonies.
In summary, Mr. Gore, and his Lord of the Flies-like radical followers at the WEF, are basically demanding a return to 18th century standards of living, but controlled by 21st century technology. They definitely would be happy with a year 1750 population, and even happier with a Big Brother tracking system watching your every move.
The alarmists are desperate, hysterical and it seems they’re sensing their cause is in reality unworkable and falling to pieces.
Despite all the claims of a “rapidly warming planet”, we know Antarctic sea ice extent has seen a rather impressive upward trend over the past 40 years, which tells us cooling is more likely at play.
Here’s southern hemisphere sea ice extent chart (up to 2017):
Antarctic sea ice has gained steadily over the past 40 years. Chart: Comiso et al, 2017
It’s not what you’d expect from a CO2-induced warming planet.
The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has collected temperature data from the Syowa station in Antarctica since 1977. Today we present the latest data, which now includes the year 2022:
Here we in fact see a modest long-term downward trend. There’s no detectable CO2 warming signal. The periodic warming and cooling cycles are likely related to oceanic cycles.
No warming along the Antarctic mainland coast
In 2019, we in fact plotted the data from 10 Antarctic stations scattered along the Antarctic coastline and operated by various countries. None of them showed any warming trend at all.
Where’s the warming? Other than the volcanic activity, there certainly hasn’t been any at the South Pole since the global warming hysteria began in the late 1980s.
Recipients of repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations may have fully damaged their immune system’s capacity to protect them from severe effects from the disease. Each successive booster shot may actually worsen protection.
But now new mice research (Gao et al., 2022) provides damning evidence that continued COVID-19 booster vaccinations “negatively impact the immune response” and “fully impair the…neutralizing efficacy” of COVID-19 antibodies and memory.
Scientists warn that continuing the course of booster COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations may pose risks of “enhanced disease severity” for those re-infected with COVID-19 and thus the administration of boosters “should be preceded with caution.”
“Our findings revealed that repeated dosing after the establishment of vaccine response might not further improve the antigen-specific reactivity; instead, it could cause systematic tolerance and inability to generate effective humoral and cellular immune responses to current SARS-CoV-2 variants.”
In other words, health authorities have mandated young people get a shot that may fully impair their immune system’s capacity to protect them from the very variants the shots were intended to neutralize.
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