The 2013-2022 warming trend and the extreme warmth in 2023 were “not associated with” declining outgoing longwave radiation induced by rising greenhouse gases.
Instead, a new study published in the journal Science contends that decreasing cloud albedo and the consequent increase in ASR, or absorbed solar radiation (+0.97 to 1.10 W/m²/decade according to ERA5 and CERES, respectively), explains the warming over the last decade. (Less cloud cover means more solar radiation reaches the Earth’s surface, warming it.)
A rising trend in anthropogenic greenhouse gases was supposed to reduce the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and a declining OLR was thought to be the driver of modern warming.
Instead, the opposite has occurred. There has been an increasing OLR trend since 2013.
This enhancement of the Earth’s OLR trend actually serves to counteract the ASR-induced warming strongly associated with the aforementioned declining cloud cover albedo.
In other words, the total greenhouse effect impact from rising greenhouse gases has recently been contributing to a reduction in global warming, partially offsetting the warming induced by rising ASR.
“The EEI trend and 2023 peak are not associated with decreasing outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), as one would expect from increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations in the absence of shortwave feedbacks. Instead, OLR has been increasing and largely offsetting even stronger absorbed solar radiation (ASR) anomalies, consistent with climate models. The decadal 2013–2022 trend in ASR amounts to +1.10 W/m²/dec−1 in CERES and +0.97 W/m²/dec−1 in ERA5, reaching astonishing anomalies of +1.82 W/m² in CERES and +1.31 W/m² in ERA5 in 2023. Variations of incident solar radiation (ISR), including by the 11-year solar cycle, are an order of magnitude smaller, implying that reduced planetary albedo is the dominant cause. It is however striking that, according to CERES, ISR attained a positive anomaly in 2023 of +0.28 W/m², well above the previous solar-cycle maximum, whereas ERA5 forcing still assumed a negative anomaly of -0.08 W/m².”
German Chemical Industry Association: “It’s desperate.”
By Prof. Fritz Vahrenholt
From November 2 to November 8 and from December 10 to December 13, Germany’s electricity supply from renewable energies collapsed as a typical winter weather situation with a lull in the wind and minimal solar irradiation led to supply shortages, high electricity imports and skyrocketing electricity prices.
The reason: The socialist/green led coalition government and the prior Merkel governments had decommissioned 19 nuclear power plants (30% of Germany’s electricity demand) and 15 coal-fired power plants were taken off the grid on April 1, 2023 alone. 4.35 billion euros of taxpayers’ money in decommissioning premiums were distributed to RWE and LEAG (East Germany). In January 2025, RWE’s Weisweiler power plant will go offline. This, of all months, will occur in January, when electricity consumption in Germany is at its highest and France may have little to supply. This is because France is the most heat-sensitive country in Europe and even small fluctuations in temperature can have an impact on electricity consumption due to the widespread use of electric heating systems. 1 degree Celsius less and consumption in France increases by 2400 megawatts!
But Germany’s misguided energy policy of switching off secure power is now also causing our neighbors to have economic difficulties. Southern Norway, southern Sweden, Austria and the Netherlands saw similarly high electricity prices as Germany did during the dark doldrums (see chart above, the figures are in €/MWh, to convert to €ct/kWh, you have to divide by 10).
Denmark, whose electricity supply is also based on wind power (56%), also exacerbated the malaise there by importing electricity from Scandinavia.
Norway’s energy minister in the center-left government, Terja Aasland, wants to cut the power cable to Denmark and renegotiate the electricity contracts with Germany. He is thus responding to the demands of the right-wing Progress Party, which has been calling for this for a long time and will probably win the next elections. According to the Progress Party, the price infection from the south must be stopped.
It is also often forgotten that wind turbines consume electricity when they are stationary or switched off. This is because all technical components (oil pumps, fans, control systems, etc.) must remain in operation even when they are still. Vestas specifies an electricity consumption of 55,000 kWh per year for a 4.2 MW turbine at standstill. During production times, the turbine supplies itself with electricity. But it is virtually idle 120 days a year.
If we assume an average self-consumption of 40,000 kWh per year for all German turbines, we arrive at 1.2 terawatt hours, the generation of a medium-sized gas-fired power plant To apply this to our dark, windless doldrums: to supply the wind turbines, a power plant with around 400 MW would have to run or the same output would have to be imported for days on end to prevent the wind turbines from going down.
The evidence that rising CO2 concentrations lead to inconsequential warming keeps piling up.
In a new study, seven Viennese researchers provide more evidence the CO2 absorption band is already saturated at today’s concentrations (over 400 ppm). Rising CO2 levels thus cannot drive significant global warming.
“Data from ground measurements indicate that the downward (backward) radiation of the atmosphere shows indeed full saturation of the IR CO2 bands and does not support noticeable additional Thermal Forcing (TF) by increasing CO2 in the lower atmosphere.”
“…we can expect full saturation already at current concentrations.”
As Table 2 from the study indicates, doubling CO2 from pre-industrial levels (280 to 560 ppm) increases global mean infrared absorption by just 1.1% (82.1% vs. 83.2%). This is an indicator of the decreasing effectiveness of CO2 as a warming agent as its concentration rises.
Indeed, a 400 to 800 ppm increase “shows no measurable increase in the IR absorption for the 15 μ-central peak,” and thus it can lead to just 0.5°C warming at most.
A new analysis indicates tripling the atmospheric CO2 concentration from 100 to 400 ppm only produces a 0.3°C surface warming effect.
Eight engineers (Wei et al., 2024) from the National Sun Yat-Sen University in Taiwan have assessed the capacity of rising CO2 concentrations to affect surface air temperature (SAT) over a 5-year research observation period.
They constructed a model of the energy balance between the net incident flux and emission at the Earth’s surface.
“This work examines one-dimensional transient temperature changes due to conduction, and radiative heat transfer including collimated radiation as a function of longitude, latitude, and altitude, as well as diffuse radiation determined by absorption bands based on wavelength, temperature, and the concentration or pressure of carbon dioxide and water vapor.”
The research results do not support the prevailing narrative that says rising CO2 is a driver of SAT change.
Instead these researchers found tripling atmospheric CO2 from 100 ppm to 400 ppm produces a “negligibly small” 0.3°C warming effect. This temperature change is only associated with the increase from 100 ppm to 350 ppm and includes no additional warming as CO2 rises from 350 ppm to 400 ppm.
“…the effects of carbon dioxide concentration in comparison with spatial and time variations on temperature are negligibly small near the ground surface.”
“The temperature at 5 m above the ground increases by approximately 0.3 K and then maintains constant as carbon dioxide concentrations rise from 100 to 350 ppm and from 350 to 400 ppm over a 5-year period.”
For the last 30 years the IPCC has claimed a 300 ppm CO2 increase – roughly doubling the CO2 concentration from 300 to 600 ppm – will produce about a 3°C increase (2.0 to 4.5°C) in surface air temperature.
Thus, this new research indicates the IPCC may be overestimating CO2’s capacity to warm the surface by at least factor of 10.
Was the Earth’s biosphere really in a largely stable CO2 balance before 1850? (Almost) all politicians, scientists from all climate disciplines, the media and international big business are telling us in unison that we are destroying the global climate and that the world is on the brink of extinction. By burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas, we are supposedly emitting too much CO2. This gas is blamed to act as a “greenhouse gas” that traps heat in the atmosphere. We supposedly face the threat of runaway global warming if we do not completely stop burning fossil fuels within the next 25 years.
By Fred F. Mueller
Picture 1 South Sea beauty: The beautiful Paua mussels (abalone) are only found in New Zealand waters. They form their shells from limestone (CaCO3), composed of atmospheric CO2 along with a calcium atom and an additional oxygen atom (Photo: Author)
Climate science and the UN claim that the “natural” preindustrial CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been around 280-300 ppm (parts per million) for at least several hundred thousand years, with minor fluctuations. Since the beginning of industrialization (since around 1850), man-made CO2 emissions have allegedly increased this value to (as of 2023) 419 ppm(1). In order to avert a catastrophe in the form of a global temperature rise of more than 1.5 °C since the beginning of the industrial age, humanity should not release more than 336 additional gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere (one gigaton is one billion tons, also expressed as a petagram (Pg) in some IPCC publications). The departure from the former paradise of complete CO2 harmony between humans and the planet and nature before the fall from grace of industrialization is illustrated in Picture 2a and Picture 2b.
Picture 2a. The claims of Pierre Friedlingstein and his co-authors from Earth System Science Data on the annual development of man-made emissions of CO2 and the absorption of the gas in “natural sinks” from 1850 to the present day. Man-made sources are plotted at the top, the fate of man-made CO2 in the ocean, land and atmosphere reservoirs at the bottom (graphic: Global Carbon Budget 2023(1))
Picture 2b. Illustration of the cumulative quantities of CO2 emissions and the CO2 absorbed in the most important sinks since the beginning of the industrial age. It is assumed that there were no net fluxes of CO2 from the atmosphere to the ocean before 1850. A graphical evaluation of the image shows that the ocean has absorbed a total of 180 Gt of carbon emitted by humans in its depths since 1850, while the land plants would have processed 250 Gt of C into long-lived humus. In contrast, around 290 Gt C supposedly remain in the atmosphere (Graphic: Global Carbon Budget 2023 ) (1)
Are these assumptions really correct?
The basis of the hypothesis of climate scientists, who assume catastrophic climate change caused by humans, is that before industrialization we had largely closed-loop carbon cycles on Earth that were stable for at least several hundred thousand, if not millions of years, Picture 3.
Picture 3: Basic assumptions of the authors of the Global Carbon Budget 2023 regarding the Earth’s natural carbon cycle and the consequences of industrialization. The numbers on the arrows in the top row indicate CO2 fluxes in Gt C/year, colored circles indicate reservoirs, thin arrows indicate quantitatively known balanced fluxes, thin circular arrows indicate balanced but quantitatively unrecorded fluxes and the red number indicates an assumed budget deficit of -0.4 Gt C/year. The tiny purple material flow above the transition from blue to yellow-green is not mentioned in the caption (graphic from: Global Carbon Budget 2023 (1))
When looking at Picture 3 above, it is firstly noticeable that the authors have assumed that only vegetation has bound a portion of the CO2 emitted by humans as biomass and thus at least temporarily removed it from the atmosphere. The oceans and the atmosphere itself, on the other hand, are assumed to having simply added their respective shares to their existing reservoirs without conversion. In the atmosphere, this increase amounted to around 290 Gt C (from 595 to 885 Gt C) or from approx. 280 to approx. 419 ppm CO2 . In the ocean’s gigantic carbon reservoir of around 37,000 Gt C, however, the increase due to the additional uptake of just 180 Gt C is apparently considered to be so insignificant that it is not accounted for separately.
Largely in line with the IPCC
The assumptions of the authors of the Global Carbon Budget also correspond in principle to those of the IPCC2), as can be seen in Picture 4. Please note that the IPCC uses petagrams (Pg) as the unit of measurement instead of gigatons (1 Pg = 1 Gt).
Picture 4: Simplified diagram of the global carbon cycle (graphic: IPCC Report AR5 WG1 Ch. 5 )2)
The assumptions on which Picture 4 is based are essentially the same as those of the authors of the Global Carbon Budget. However, the graphic is much more detailed and therefore more difficult to understand. The figures also differ from one another. In terms of order of magnitude, however, Picture 3 and Picture 4 correspond quite well. One rather insignificant difference lies in the assumptions regarding the fate of the CO2 absorbed by the ocean: while the IPCC assumes an annual net absorption of 1.6 Pg CO2 in 2018, the authors of the 2023 Global Carbon Budget assume 2.8 Gt/yr. The IPCC also indicates a (presumably annual, even if this is not indicated by the red color of the symbols) release of 0.2 Pg C into the sediments of the deep sea, while the authors of the Global Carbon Budget note an imbalance of -0.4 Gt.
Official climate science claims that there has been a “nearly eternal” CO2 equilibrium
The results published in the “Global Carbon Budget” are based on periodical research that is published as an annual report. The authors belong to the elite of climate science; the author’s list of the 2023 version contains no less than 123 names. Graphics from these annual carbon budgets are used by other climate authorities such as the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration‘s (NOAA 3)) or the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia4) as well as various other climate and CO2 -related publications. One of these can also be found in modified form in the IPCC report AR55). However, the entire work has a crucial flaw: it ignores essential scientific principles and the relevant facts. With regard to the ocean in particular, it is noticeable that the CO2 absorption capacity of the oceans with increasing CO2 gas concentration (and thus partial pressure) of the atmosphere is not addressed at all.
What actually happens to gases in water?
If the CO2 content of the atmosphere increases, its so-called partial pressure, i.e. the proportion of CO2 in the atmospheric pressure, also increases. However, if the pressure of a gas above a water surface increases, more of this gas dissolves in the liquid, Picture 5.
Picture 5: On the left, an equilibrium has been reached between the pressure of the CO2 gas trapped in the cylinder and the concentration of the gas molecules in the water. When the partial pressure increases due to the sinking piston, more CO2 dissolves in the water to compensate (Graphic: Wikimedia, Johannes Schneider, Creative Commons 6))
Everyone knows this from their own experience with cold soft drinks or beer. The “refreshing” effect is achieved by the CO2 that is dissolved in the water under high pressure. As soon the container is opened, you can hear the hiss as the pressurized gas escapes. CO2 bubbles form in the drink and escape upwards out of the liquid. If the glass is left standing for a longer period of time, the gas will continue to escape due to the rising temperature heating until no more bubbles appear. The drink then becomes stale and no longer tastes good. These laws also apply to the solubility of atmospheric CO2 in the sea: higher CO2 pressure causes more gas to be absorbed. Cold polar oceans therefore also absorb more CO2 from the air than warm tropical waters. If sea temperatures rise, the oceans will thus emit more CO2. The corresponding laws of physics (“Henry’s Law” 7)) mean that 96% of any additional CO2 introduced into the atmosphere by humans is ultimately absorbed by the ocean. These facts are not mentioned anywhere in the “Global Carbon Budget”. This raises doubts about the technical qualifications of the authors – and those of NOAA and IPCC.
Ocean: CO2 storage using limestone instead of wood
It is also particularly striking that no significant CO2 capture is said to take place in the ocean, neither in shallow water nor in the deep sea. With plants on land, CO2 is known to be converted into biomass through photosynthesis and stored in the long term in the form of wood and humus deposits. The IPCC and its ilk, on the other hand, give the impression that nothing of the sort takes place in the sea.
Photosynthesis also occurs in the sea through e.g. (micro)-algae, corals and seagrass. However, the resulting biomass is not permanent and decomposes very quickly after the death of the organisms. The CO2 produced during decomposition is returned to the water. However, photosynthesis in the ocean also results in a second build-up mechanism, the biological synthesis of limestone (CaCO3), which has proven to be extremely useful in the construction of protective armor against enemies. This is documented by 3.7 billion year old stromatolites8) in Pilbara (Australia). Even then, colonies of protozoa produced mushroom-shaped calcium deposits. This recipe was so successful that countless oceanic animal and plant species have since mastered the art of forming calcareous shells. From single-celled bacteria and algae to corals, shellfish, sea urchins and crustaceans, they all rely on the protection provided by hard calcium carbonate shells, Picture 6.
Picture 6: The calcareous shell of a belemnite (extinct ancestor of squid) from the Devonian period (ca. 360-420 million years ago) embedded in sedimentary rock. Probably found in Morocco (Photo: Author)
These calcareous remains are preserved after death. Under the conditions prevailing in shallow ocean waters (coastline up to a few 100 m), they are so long-lived that over the course of the eons they have formed essential parts of our landscapes such as the Jurassic, the Bahamas Banks, the chalk cliffs of Dover or the Dolomites. These processes are still taking place today on a huge scale, as coral reefs in tropical seas and mussel shells on the beach prove. This fact is ignored by today’s climate science.
How much CO2 ends up in coral shells alone?
There are very different figures for CO2 storage due to calcification in the sea. However, at least the proportion contributed by corals can be estimated quite well. Tropical corals need shallow and warm water. They grow on the bases of their ancestors. Since the end of the last ice age 12,000 years ago, the sea level has risen by around 120 meters. In order to remain on the surface, today’s corals have had to raise their bases. When atolls formed around sinking volcanoes, they also had to compensate for the sinking of the volcanic cone over the course of millions of years. This is exemplified by the study of the Mururoa Atoll in French Polynesia, Picture 7.
Picture 7: The Mururoa Atoll was misused by France for 188 atomic bomb tests. It was extensively examined beforehand to confirm the findings. Here is the colored representation of the “growth rings” over the last 1.8 million years. The last layer (MIS 1) covers the last 10,000 years (diagram: Montaggioni et al. 9))
In his study, Montaggioni determined a maximum coral growth rate of 8 mm/yr. If this is extrapolated to the current total global coral area10) of 423,589 km2, this results in an annual calcium carbonate production of 8.75 Gt CaCO3. This corresponds to a maximum fixation of slightly more than 1 Gt C. In addition, a considerable part of the growth also takes place to the sides. Storms, waves or voracious fish also repeatedly break off pieces of coral from the reef and its flanks. These fragments sink to the seabed and build up a cone of rubble on the flanks of the reef. The mass of this debris cone is built up along the way, so to speak, as the reef grows in height. Therefore, the amount of carbon sequestered annually can confidently be estimated at a total of 2 Gt/yr. At the same time, coral reefs account for only 0.12% of the total area of the oceans. It should be noted that these figures are maximum values: it is hardly possible to seriously estimate average figures.
Calcification: Across all oceans and across all latitudes
In addition to corals, there are countless other organisms that also produce large quantities of durable calcium carbonate shells from CO2 and calcium ions. These include cyanobacteria and unicellular green algae on the carbonate platform of the Bahamas, which thrive several times a year in such masses that their calcareous shells color the water milky white even on satellite photos. Over millions of years, these tiny single-celled organisms have piled up the Bahamas carbonate platform to a thickness of around 4.5 kilometers. The much larger Florida platform even reaches a thickness of up to 12 km.
The total ocean-wide calcium carbonate productivity of tiny organisms with calcareous shells, which occur in shallow waters, but in many cases also in the entire near-surface ocean, is estimated by various authors to range from < 1 Gt C yr-1 11) to 1.6 Gt C yr-112) and 2 Gt C yr-113) up to 4.7 Gt C yr-114) and 5 Gt C yr-115). As humanity emits a total of around 12 to 13 Gt C yr-1, 10 to 40 % of these emissions are already permanently bound in the sea as limestone in the same year through natural processes, Picture 8.
Picture 8: The red helmet snail Cassis rufa lives in the Indian Ocean, eats sea urchins and forms a very massive calcareous shell (Photo: Author)
Statements about CO2 retention times in the atmosphere of more than 2-3 decades or even tens of thousands of years16) are therefore not credible. It is true that a certain proportion of the shell production returns to solution as it sinks into deeper ocean areas. However, the enormous range of published figures listed above hints that current measurement methods are far from realistically capturing all the sources and influencing factors of the processes in the ocean.
Interestingly, one of these publications gives a value of 4.7 Gt C yr-1 14) for annual calcium carbonate sequestration in the ocean. One of its authors is the well-known ocean and climate researcher Corinne Le Quéré. It is therefore quite surprising that this same Ms. Le Quéré, who published its work in 2019 already, does not seem to have worked towards at least mentioning the fact of a partial but permanent neutralization of man-made CO2 emissions in the publication during her years of work on the Global Carbon Budget.
The IPCC’s CO2 hypothesis is scientifically untenable
The entire climate catastrophe construct of the IPCC and its representatives stands and falls with the assertion that the “greenhouse gas” CO2 accumulates in the atmosphere for a long time and thus endangers the earth’s thermal balance. This is why those responsible are trying to conceal the fact that considerable quantities of CO2 are permanently stored away as lime in the ocean through natural processes – for many millions of years. They are particularly embarrassed by the fact that these mechanisms have been taking place in the ocean for eons and that large quantities of CO2 are stored in rocks. There must therefore also be correspondingly large sources of CO2 replenishment in nature. This means that the IPCC’s entire CO2 cycle model collapses. This is probably the reason why oceanic calcification is not correctly represented in official and authoritative documents such as the IPCC report on “The Physical Science Base” or the Global Carbon Project. Also, Henry’s Law is not even mentioned in either of the publications cited here. This blatant suppression of essential scientifically proven facts is the Achilles heel of the entire green climate catastrophe ideology. In commercial terms, one could also speak of balance fraud. Anyone who has doubts about the IPCC’s point of view should ask for these facts to be thoroughly questioned.
Sources:
https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/15/5301/2023/ (Pierre Friedlingstein et al)
Cost-benefit analyses affirm it would be better to abandon Net Zero policy initiatives and instead “do nothing” about greenhouse gas emissions.
New research finds CO2’s largest possible climate impact is “negligible.” The cumulative expected temperature change in doubling CO2 from 400 to 800 ppm is only 0.81°C at most, and this is “certainly not cause for alarm or for declaring a climate emergency”.
As Figure 1 from the paper shows, the temperature effects of increasing CO2 are strongest when concentrations hover below 100 ppm. After that the CO2 impact collapses logarithmically to less than 0.05°C even as concentrations rise to 900 ppm.
Using heat transfer calculations, it is estimated that even if governments across the world were to actually achieve all of their proposed Net Zero policy goals it would only elicit a 0.28°C reduction in global temperature. In other words, it would have “no measurable effect” on climate.
The tens of trillions in costs to achieve an inconsequential global temperature reduction would be much better spent on policies that would actually improve the economic, health, and educational conditions of those living in poverty.
15 years ago, to illustrate its own demise due to the rising sea, the government of the Maldives once held a publicity stunt cabinet meeting underwater. Today, however, new airports are being built in the island state. Where’s the doom?
Similarly, is the story of the demise of the South Sea islands due to alleged man-made global warming wrong? One thing is certain: islands are not static entities – they are constantly changing with and without “climate” – e.g. through accretion, erosion, continental drift, etc.
Recent peer-reviewed research shows that “the vast majority” of the 709 investigated Pacific islands on the whole have been growing over the past decades. See video.
Paleoclimate evidence affirms warmth reduces drought frequency and intensity.
A new study utilizes Asian tree pollen records to affirm that for the last 8000 years centennial-scale warming periods were associated with reductions in drought, famines, crop failures.
“…warm periods were associated with increased precipitation along with relatively short-lived drought events.”
In contrast, centuries of cooling (e.g., the Little Ice Age) induced “extreme drought conditions,” or megadrought, and thus widespread ecological hardship.
“…a cooling trend in the Northern Hemisphere may result in persistent extreme drought conditions in arid tropical regions.”
Since warming is associated with more rainfall, and cooling induces drought, it is interesting that the modern trends are the opposite of what would be anticipated with a warming climate. Despite lower CO2 levels in the first half of the 20th century there was more precipitation (warmer) from 1900-1960s and less precipitation (cooling) from the 1970s to 1990s.
“…relatively high annual precipitation before 1970 which was linked to relatively high tree pollen percentages. However, from the 1970s to the mid-1990s, both the tree pollen percentages and annual precipitation decreased”
The authors conclude that there should not be an emphasis on the dangers of global warming, but, considering the environmental consequences, “it is also important to address the potential hazards associated with cooling.”
The electric car market is reeling in Europe…Germany’s electric car ambitions have taken another body blow as Swedish Northvolt declares bankruptcy in USA.
The massively taxpayer-subsidized gigafactory now under construction in Heide is in jeopardy and becoming a huge embarrassment for Germany’s Socialist-Green government.
Northvolt, a Swedish battery manufacturer, is facing immense financial difficulties and has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the United States. This filing has raised concerns about the future of Northvolt’s battery plant now under construction near Heide, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
Construction of the Northvolt Drei battery factory near Heide began in March 2024 and it was planned to begin production in 2026.
In 2023, the German government and the state of Schleswig-Holstein began to provide significant financial support for the project for the Northvolt plant in Heide, which included a direct grant of 700 million euros and a guarantee of 202 million euros. German Minister for Economic Affairs and Climate Action, Robert Habeck, (Green Party), called the battery plant “one of the most significant lighthouse projects of the energy and transport transition, which will create thousands of green tech jobs.”
Habeck, who majored in philosophy and has no education in economics, went on to call the Heide gigafactory project “one of the most important industrial investments in Europe in key green technologies.”
Habeck’s lofty dreams have since turned into a nightmare
But since Northvolt has filed bankruptcy in USA, the cash is gone and it’s increasingly likely German taxpayers will be left to pick up the tab as dreams of a flagship gigafactory in Heide disintegrate.
The billion-euro investment in the plant pushed by Chancellor Olaf Scholz (SPD) and Economics Minister Robert Habeck was to be supported by public funds, loans and direct subsidies. According to Blackout News, “The consequences are now hitting German taxpayers with full force.”
Even though atmospheric CO2 rose from 337 ppm in 1979 to 420 ppm in 2022, there is no evidence of a warming trend across Antarctica during this period.
According to a new study, Antarctica’s station data indicate a pronounced cooling trend by over -1°C (-0.53°C per decade) from 1979-1999. The cooling trend thereafter slowed to a pause (-0.004°C per decade) from 1999-2022.
“Reanalysis” data reveal a less pronounced -0.43°C per decade cooling trend from 1979-1999, but a reversal to a +0.29°C per decade warming trend from 1999-2022.
Both the station data and the reanalyzed data affirm an overall long-term (43 years) cooling trend across Antarctica since 1979.
She made Germany the sick old economic man of Europe and the world.
No one has arguably transformed Germany more fundamentally than Angela Merkel, Germany’s first female chancellor.
Under Merkel, Germany allowed hundreds of thousands on immigrants to pour into the country, forever changing the German culture fabric. Her policies also crippled Germany’s energy supply when she decided to shut down the country’s entire fleet of nuclear power reactors and making Germany reliant of Russian natural gas and renewables. This has since led to a crippling of the German economy in the wake of the Ukraine War.
Though her policies and those of her successor government have made Germany the sick old economic man of Europe, she has become the darling of the media for it.
Since she left office in 2021, she’s written and just published her memoirs in a 736-page book titled “Freiheit”. Though it was fervently hyped and promoted by the media last month, it’s not selling well. So far reader reviews have been way short of enthusiastic. In fact, the reviews have been so flat that Welt here reports Amazon has since suspended reader reviews.
So far Freiheit, which sells for a hefty 42 euros, has only managed to get 2.4 stars. Moreover it is only no. 15 on the bestseller list.
More evidence has emerged suggesting there is more sea ice in the Arctic today than nearly any time in the last 8000 years.
According to a new study, biomarker evidence suggests the Barents Sea (Arctic) was seasonally “ice free” from ~8000 to ~2100 years ago, or back when the CO2 concentration was said to be about 265 ppm.
Since that warmer Arctic period, the climate cooled and sea ice extent expanded.
For the last 2100 years sea there has been year-round sea ice in this region . Today the minimum sea ice coverage is in August and September, whereas the maximum ice coverage is in March/April.
The modern period (1988-2007) has among the highest sea ice levels of the Holocene, with ~80% coverage in spring (Koseoglu, 2019).
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